Hippocampus Role in the Limbic System

Hippocampus Role in the Limbic System Brain Health Print Hippocampus Role in the Limbic System By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 22, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 23, 2019 The hippocampus (red), a limbic system structure, is responsible for long-term memory. Credit: Sciepro/Getty Images More in Brain Health Brain Food Mental Exercises Healthy Aging The hippocampus is a small, curved formation in the brain that plays an important role in the limbic system. The hippocampus is involved in the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.?? Because the brain is lateralized and symmetrical, you actually have two hippocampi. They are located just above each ear and about an inch-and-a-half inside your head. How Does the Hippocampus Affect Memory? The hippocampus plays a critical role in the formation, organization, and storage of new memories as well as connecting certain sensations and emotions to these memories. Have you ever noticed how a particular scent might trigger a strong memory? It is the hippocampus that plays a role in this connection. Research has also found that different subregions of the hippocampus itself play important roles in certain types of memory. For example, the rear part of the hippocampus is involved in the processing of spatial memories. Studies of London cab drivers published in 2000 found that navigating complex mazes of big city streets is linked to the growth of the rear region of the hippocampus.?? The hippocampus also plays a role in consolidating memories during sleep. Studies published in 2004 suggest that greater hippocampal activity during sleep following some sort of training or learning experience leads to better memory of the material the following day.?? This doesn’t mean that memories are themselves stored in the hippocampus for the long term. Instead, it is believed that the hippocampus acts as something of a shipping center, taking in information, registering it, and temporarily storing it before shipping it off to be filed and stored in long-term memory. Sleep is believed to play a critical role in this process. When the Hippocampus Is Damaged Because the hippocampus plays such an important role in the formation of new memories, damage to this part of the brain can have a serious long-term impact on certain types of memory. Damage to the hippocampus has been observed upon post-mortem analysis of the brains of individuals with amnesia. Such damage is linked to problems with forming explicit memories such as names, dates, and events.?? The exact impact of damage can vary depending on which hippocampus has been affected. Research on mice suggests that damage to the left hippocampus has an effect on the recall of verbal information while damage to the right hippocampus results in problems with visual information.?? Age can also have a major impact on the functioning of the hippocampus. MRI scans of human brains have found that the human hippocampus shrinks by around 13 percent between the ages of 30 and 80.?? Those who experience such a loss may show significant declines in memory performance. Cell degeneration in the hippocampus has also been linked to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.??

The Theme of Darkness in Night by Elie Wiesel - 1514 Words

Often, the theme of a novel extends into a deeper significance than what is first apparent on the surface. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, the theme of night and darkness is prevalent throughout the story and is used as a primary tool to convey symbolism, foreshadowing, and the hopeless defeat felt by prisoners of Holocaust concentration camps. Religion, the various occurring crucial nights, and the many instances of foreshadowing and symbolism clearly demonstrate how the reoccurring theme of night permeates throughout the novel. Faith in a higher power is often used as a crutch by many in times of struggle. However, when that crutch is removed, the hardships that need to be overcome seem to increase as hope diminishes. This is true†¦show more content†¦Never (Wiesel 32). This quote unites the emotional, mental, psychological, and spiritual damaged suffered by Eliezer from his experiences with inhumanity of the Nazis. Lastly, the march from Buna to Buchenwald occurs at night; this is significant because it indicates the fate awaiting the prisoners (Fine 54). The many important nights that take place throughout the novel are clear indicators of the significance that the theme of darkness and night possesses all through the story. As well as being a large component in expressing the profundity of the motif of night, the critical nights serve to bring about internal changes within the protagonist, Eliezer. He changes not only outwardly during his suffering, but changes as a person on the inside. This change can be summarized by the quote, The night was gone. The morning star was shining in the sky. I too had become a completely different person. The student of Talmud, the child that I was, had been consumed in flames. There remained only a shape that looked like me. A dark flame had entered my soul and devoured it (Wiesel 34). In this line, Eliezer discusses how his Holocaust experiences have changed him by stealing his innocence, robbing him of his childhood and destroying his soul. In the course of all these transformations, Eliezer seems to lose track of time itself. His quote, So much had happened within such a few hours that I had lost all sense of time.Show MoreRelatedNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |   5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreThe Holocaust: Night by Elie Wiesel1635 Words   |  7 PagesJews were persecuted, tortured and slaughtered in concentration camps (â€Å"The Holocaust† 1). Night by Elie Wiesel is the powerful memoir of his experiences during the Holocaust. Night shows the tragedy of the Holocaust through the use literary devices, including the themes of loss of faith and cruelty toward other human beings, night as a symbol of suffering and fear, and the use of first person narrative. Night allows the reader to emotionally connect with the victims of the Holocaust, encourages themRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust1315 Words   |  6 Pagesappeared to be a time of darkness and it seemed like on Earth and in heaven, each doorway of humanity, empathy, and kindness had been closed down. Those who did not encounter the Holocaust cannot begin to comprehe nd what it was like, however, those who did cannot begin to express it. Torture, genocide, and cruel acts started to fill brains and souls. The Holocaust was an event where millions of people were being murdered during World War II. The memoir, Night by Elie Wiesel is based on Wiesel’s experiencesRead MoreNight: Heart-Wrenching and Traumatic Themes1189 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel, Night, by Elie Wiesel, contains heart-wrenching as well as traumatic themes. The novel unfolds through the eyes of a Jewish boy named Eliezer, who incurs the true satanic nature of the Nazis. As the Nazis continue to commit inhumane acts of discrimination, three powerful themes arise: religion, night, and memory. As the novel begins to unfold, Anti-Semitism does as well. As Wiesel demonstrates in the novel, â€Å"Three days later, a new decree: Every Jew had to wear the yellow star.† (Wiesel, 11)Read More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1341 Words   |  6 Pagesmemoir â€Å"Night,† written by Elie Wiesel describes the brutality Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, and how life changing it was. Although some may believe the memoir written by Elie Wiesel was titled â€Å"Night† because he was forced to leave his home during the night, Wiesel illustrates Jews losing hope, faith, and happiness through the symbol of Night, to prove that the memoir was titled â€Å"Night† to symbolize the darkness the holocaust created. The first darkness that the word â€Å"Night,† symbolizedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald947 Words   |  4 PagesWiesel wrote in a lot of detail about the events that were unfolding right in front of him. He could never forget the violence because it was stuck in his mind. Dehumanization was a huge role throughout the book in the conditions of how his story played out. The people of Sighet were moved to Auschwitz in cattle cars. Food and water was not available and the bathroom was a bucket in the middle of the room. Followed by the arrival at Auschwitz, Wiesel other men were forced to strip naked. ThenRead MoreExamples Of Dehumanization In The Book Night1183 Words   |  5 Pagesbook, Night, by Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, provides an overview of Elie’s experiences during the Holocaust, and there were a multitude of ways that Elie and his inmates were dehumanized. It all started in 1944, when Elie and his family were deported from their home in Sighet and taken to the Auschwitz concentration camp. When they arrived, they had to leave their possessions on the train and went into the concentration camp where all of his family except his father were murdered. Elie and hisRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor themes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night wasRead MoreNight And Dawn : The Revolutionizing Story Of Tragedy1663 Words   |  7 PagesNight and Dawn: The Revolutionizing Story of Tragedy Throughout the course of history, time has been kind to some, and evil to others. To Elie Wiesel, time has been a ruthless machine that only caused hardship and sorrow. Elie Wiesel had to encounter arguably the most tragic event in history, the Holocaust, which took the life of his mother, father, and siblings, in addition to 6 million other Jews. Essentially, the Holocaust stemmed from Adolf Hitler gaining power of Germany in World War II, whichRead MoreAn Analysis Of Elie Wiesel s The Jewish Scriptures 1219 Words   |  5 Pages1930’s Sighet, Elie Wiesel is expected to do as he is told and continue to further his studies in the Jewish scriptures. Young Elie becomes intrigued by the vast amount of knowledge he has absorbed over his youthful fifteen years, and determined to verse himself in Kabballah, a more intense and deeper branch of the holy texts. Going against his father’s word, he dives into the water, swimming into depths uncharted by all Sighet boys his age. One day, in his search for intellect, Wiesel met a man, worn

Local Small Business Administration Branches 2019

The United States Small Business Administration is responsible for allocating funds, through agency loans and grants, to specific business and community purposes. These purposes include aid to disadvantaged and minority businesses, women-owned businesses, and community improvement. The all branches of the Small Business Administration oversees this process for all states as well as their regions and districts, according the determined needs and objectives of the states. In addition to awarding funds to various community programs, the Small Business Administration offers free seminars and workshops in business development and business-plan writing, as well as links to additional business support resources in all 50 states. The services offered by the Small Business Administration foster economic growth and community development. The Small Business Administration celebrates the small businesses that have grown into household names with their assistance. Their website details businesses that have enjoyed great success with the help of local SBA branches. Headworks, Inc., is a water screening company with equipment in over twenty countries that received counseling and guaranteed loans through the SBA. The Small Business Administration is also responsible for the growth of Muniz Engineering, a company that joined the SBAs 8(a) program for the socially and economically disadvantaged, and now has over 30 government contracts. .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f:active, .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uf91697b3d8bf7db7a90ef07da049db5f:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Criminal Justice Associate Degree Online Understanding and Beating ProcrastinationAlthough not all branches of the Small Business Administration does not provide grants for start-up and existing businesses, it does provide a referrals to agencies that aid those seeking financial backing such as SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Engineers) and the SBDC (Small Business Development Center). The SBDC has provided thousands of hours in free training and consultation, almost half of which were women and minorities. These services linked to the SBA create and save jobs, assist in locating contracts, aid in developing marketing strategies, obtain financing information, provide education of exporting, help to commercialize innovative technologies, and broaden business knowledge and efficiencies. The Small Business Administration also provides links and referrals to the United States Export Assistance Center and the Womens Business Center, both of which provide free business counseling and training to entrepreneurs at all levels of business development as well as research and other specialized assistance. .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976:active, .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u64cedf1eca5d5c9e9fc770442ec7b976:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Nursing Class Programs Employment in Long-Term Care Expected to GrowLocal branches of the Small Business Administration work with hundreds of lenders. They have district and regional offices all over the United States. Related ArticlesAll About SBA GrantsWhy Startups Should Seek Help From The Small Business AdministrationSmall Business Accounting Software from MicrosoftOpening Doors to a Health Care Financial Management CareerFinding a Business Administration CareerEarning a Degree in Business Administration

John F. Kennedy and Yellow Card Man Free Essays

One day in his class he assigns an essay topic â€Å"The Day That Changed My Life† One student named Harry Dunning writes about the night hls father murdered his mother and siblings; Jake is deeply impacted by the story. About two years later Jake is summoned to his frequent diner by the owner A1 Templeton. A1 was becoming deathly ill and because of this A1 shows Jake his discovery. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy and Yellow Card Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now A1’s discovery Is a time portal located in the back of his diner. This portal sends the user back to the year 1 958 at always the same moment and place and when the user returns only two minutes will have elapsed. There is a suspicious man with a yellow card in his hat and which they refer to as the â€Å"Yellow Card Man† and he is also aware of the time portal. The portal can be used to change history but If you make a change once you visit the past again the change will be reset like it never happened at all. After A1 discovered this portal he became obsessed with preventing the JFK assassination and planned to spend five years in the past waiting to stop Lee Harvey Oswald. A1 had to give up on his plan because he had developed lung cancer so now he put the mission In Jake’s hands. Jake decides to test the portal out on Harrys family. hen he enters the past he notices the â€Å"Yellow Card Man’s† card had turned orange. Jake buys a gun and follows Harry’s father ready to kill him to prevent the murder of Harrys mother and siblings. Jake saves everyone except Harrys older brother. When Jake returns to the past he calls Harrys sister and he Is told Harry died In Vietnam. Jake tries to find A1 and discovers he had overdosed on pain killers. Jake quickly takes A1’s notebook and goes back into the past. This time when he enters the â€Å"Yellow Card Man† has committed suicide and his card is black. Jake waits out time until the JFK assassination. He falls In love with a librarian but the relationship does not last because Jake talks about this from the future and Sadie is unsettled about it. Jake then focuses full time on Oswald and rent an apartment right next to Oswald. After investigating Oswald Jake becomes reluctant to kill him early on. As a result of gambling on games and races he knew the outcome of Jake was beaten and suffers memory loss. Jake recovers his memory just in time for the JFK assassination. He and Sadie hurry to get to Oswald’s sniper nest and make it before the shooting. Jake prevents Oswald from killing JFK but enraged by this Oswald shoots at Jake but misses and kills Sadie. After hearing the gunshots the secret service fires at Oswald once ne returns ne sees tnat tne â€Å"Yellow cara Man† was replacea wltn a younger man and his card is now green. He reveals that he is a guardian of these time portals all around the universe. He explains that changing the past only creates another thread in time where events occur differently; the larger the changes the more nstable the reality is. He explains that the cards are there mental state and consciousness through the multiple time threads. Fearing the death of the Yellow Card Guardian the Green Card Guardian begs Jake to set things right. Upon returning to 2011 Jake discovers many Dramatic changes have taken place and he returns to the past to and goes back to the present to reset everything. A1’s diner is demolished and with it the portal as well. ‘V. Excerpt A. It was quarter past two in the morning, which meant it was actually the sixth of April. Still not too late. Not too late for what? To back off, to let well enough alone? Or bad enough, come to that? The idea of backing off was attractive, God knew. If I went ahead and things went wrong, this could be my last night with Sadie. Ever. Even if you do have to kill him, you don’t have to do it right away. † B. I think this excerpt is important because it shows how detailed the novel is in recreating the history of the JFK assassination and in the fictional parts as well. as well as it shows the behavior of the narrator Jake. It shows how obsessed he is with the mission to stop the ssassination and it not easily distracted. He puts much thought into each and every decision. In his decision to not kill Oswald sooner rather than later is a big mistake on his part and is caused by his over thinking every aspect of the mission. Jake will eventually be beaten and suffer memory loss and as a result be late to kill Oswald and as a result of that Sadie will die. V. Explain Project A. For my project I decided to complete project number 43 which was to research the author of the book I chose and present that information. It goes into detail on Stephen King’s life from early childhood days to modern times and explains how great of a writer he was. I featured some of his popular written works and notable awards in my research. VI. Why should the book be considered for selection A. I think the book 11/22/63 should be considered for selection because it is a very knowledgeable book. It explains about a time that mostly anyone alive during will remember where they were. It takes the events of the JFK assassination and puts a science fictional twist on them. Throughout the novel the details about the past are written in detail and allow the reader to learn about a real event while enjoying the thrill of a fictional novel. The abundance of pages might seem like a lot but it is a very good read therefore very much worth it. I found myself at times not able to put the book down because interesting events were almost always occurring. The novel also has a wide variety of high-level vocabulary words suitable for high school students. Therefore I believe that the book 11/22/63 should be considered for selection. How to cite John F. Kennedy and Yellow Card Man, Papers

Removal of dams on Lower Snake River

Introduction A dam can be defined as a water reservoir that is dug from the earth in order to collect rain water or store some of diverted river water in order to be put into a specific use or various uses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Removal of dams on Lower Snake River specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Usually, dams have various uses such as storage of water for agricultural irrigation, provides water for livestock, control rates of flow downstream, fish rearing, provision for recreational facilities, generation of hydro power and some act as tourist attraction sites thus earning foreign currency. Deconstructing an already built dam to put the river into other uses can have great negative costs especially to the country’s economy and more so to the people adjacent to the project area. Why the dams should remain A plan to breach the four dams on the Snake River downstream will not be an except ion; rather it will have negative impacts on the people who depend on it for different purposes for example; a source of water for irrigation, generation of hydro-electrical power and opportunities for employment to the locals hence generation of capital to run other businesses (Price Para 4). Conservation for natural ecology is paramount in the preservation of the environment, although these dams have affected the survival for salmon in the lake which has some important value and attachment to the people’s culture re, it will require consideration on other significances of the dam in order to decide on their fate. All the stake holders should be careful to identify the losses and the gains they will attain by the dams being breached and vote wisely (Price Para 8). Although removal of these dams will have other importance such as improving water quality and encouraging fishing industry, they can not be compared with the economic havoc this action will cause. Although the numb er of jobs lost is overestimated by the corps (Whitelaw, 4), it is a fact that long term jobs will be lost and short term ones created until the time the dams will have completely been removed in order to create other long term jobs. Breaching will not only have negative impacts but also some positive ones, although human needs are necessary to consider first rather than the salmon. Dams have a significance of contributing towards creation of hydropower which is a renewable and a clean source of energy meaning that it has no negative environmental effects. Running river water is important for power generation though it is necessary to have storage facilities in order to create a water head required to generate power (US Army corps of engineers, 5).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dams constructed for power generation can also be used for other different uses such as rearing of fish, navigation recreation and many more, this is due to their reduced flows during high peaks and the way they regulate flow either during the dry or the wet season thus ensuring continuity. When corps constructed these dams, the cost of construction was low as compared to the current cost, secondly, the power plant does not need any running fuel, their running cost is least as compared to fossil fuels and these makes it a cost effective source of energy to both the locals and the nation at large. This has a positive contribution to the country’s economy. Instead of breaching the dams in order to bring back the disappearing salmon species into the rivers, measures can be put into place so as to ensure their reinstallation and survival of other water species such as pumping oxygen into the waters when the dissolved amounts are low while ensuring all other activities they were constructed for are in place. Hydro power doesn’t cause environmental pollution as there are no gases such as carbon dioxide produced which contribute greatly towards global warming. Other sources of energy need to be combined with hydropower for their efficiency. These dams are of great economic value to the country and need to be perpetuated for power provision efficiencies (Factsheet, 2). Scientists suggest that the revival of these endangered species solely lie on the removal of the dams since the current river conditions can not allow their survival. Redirecting the river to its normal conditions will be the only solution to this problem and this will only be possible by removing the dams (Williams, Behnek, 2). Other considerations such as removal of one dam instead of all in order to balance between power generation and salmon and steelhead preservation. Experiments should be conducted first by creating separate habitats for the species and examining their survival and multiplication in order to understand the rate at which they can be reinstated. Predat ors should be monitored especially on the rate at which they attack the specie (Preusch, 2). All efforts should be ensured with an aim of preserving these dams because of the great value they have to the individuals and and the nation too. Although they have a hand in the extinction of these species, measures should be devised so as to ensure that the efforts to preserve them do not outplay the role these dams play such as provision of safe, cheap and clean source of energy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Removal of dams on Lower Snake River specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Removal of dams have various positive consequences and are well known for their success in the restoration of the original ecology, but the removal process have to be accurate failure to which, many negative impacts result such as siltation which can be hazardous to both the human settlement around because of floods that result from water that flows out of the silt up dams. Siltation can also be dangerous to the species in these dams, therefore, proper plans and steps should be considered. Also, not all dams are insignificant, and when choosing on these approach, research should be conducted first with an aim of getting the importance of all the involved dams so as to consider removal of the insignificant ones (Dam removal success stories, 21). Removal of dams is not a perfect solution to the problem, other measures to ensure the survival and continuity of the salmon exist, and their implementation is what remains a nightmare thus, fostering the continued extinction of the species from the river (Kalo, 21). Habitats for salmon can be ensured by use of technologies such as power turbines that can allow for their free movement from the dam to the river and vice versa. Both the state and all the stake holders should come up with policies to ensure that people’s culture such as the Indians treasure for salm on and other purposes for dam construction are taken care off in order to provide a peaceful co-existence. Conclusion In conclusion,the four dams play a great role in promoting the economy of the nation and conservation of a clean environment. Comparing the value of salmon and the steelhead and the cultural significance attached to them with the significance of the dams, it is better to have the dams remain in place as other measures are sought to preserve the endangered species. I will therefore, vote no for their breaching. Works Cited Dam removal success stories: Restoring Rivers through selective removal of dams that don’t make sense, 1999. Factsheet, Myths and facts about the lower Snake River dams, 2006. Kalo Yogh, Salmon restoration, 1995.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preusch, Matt. Oregeon environmental news, 2009. Price, Paul, P. The River Dammed: Proposed Removal of the Lower Snake River Dams. n.d. US Army Corps of engineers. Hydropower; value to the nation. n.d. Whitelaw, Ed. Breaching dam myths, 2000. Williams, Richard. Behnke, Robert. A letter from 200 scientists, 1999. This research paper on Removal of dams on Lower Snake River was written and submitted by user Kensley A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Noun (Nominal) Clauses

Definition and Examples of Noun (Nominal) Clauses In English grammar, a noun clause is a  dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause. Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses and wh-clauses: that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I see what I say? Examples and Observations of Noun Clauses When Mrs. Frederick C. Littles second son arrived, everybody noticed that he was not much bigger than a mouse. (E.B. White, Stuart Little, 1945)What I like doing most of all in the evenings, these days, is sitting in a gormless stupor in front of the television, eating chocolate.  (Jeremy Clarkson, The World According to Clarkson. Penguin Books, 2005)A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students. (John Ciardi, Saturday Review, 1966)I know that there are things that never have been funny, and never will be. And I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon.  (Dorothy Parker)I believe that there is a subtle magnetism in Nature, which, if we unconsciously yield to it, will direct us aright.  (Henry David Thoreau, Walking)The thought of stars contributed to the power of his feeling. What moved him was a sense of those worlds around us, our knowledge however imperfect of their nature, our sense of their possessing some grain of our past and of our lives to come.  (John Cheever, Oh What a Paradise It Seems. Random House, 1982) Whoever was the person behind Stonehenge was one dickens of a motivator, Ill tell you that. (Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 1995)How we remember, what we remember, and why we remember form the most personal map of our individuality.  (Christina Baldwin)How people knew when they were being trailed he found himself unable to imagine. (Edmund Crispin [Robert Bruce Montgomery], Holy Disorders, 1945)This is the story of what a Womans patience can endure, and of what a Mans resolution can achieve. (Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White, 1859)I knew exactly how clouds drifted on a July afternoon, what rain tasted like, how ladybugs preened and caterpillars rippled, what it felt like to sit inside a bush.† (Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006)That dogs, low-comedy confederates of small children and ragged bachelors, should have turned into an emblem of having made it to the middle class- like the hibachi, like golf clubs and a second car- seems at the very least incongruous. (Edward Hoagland, Dogs, and the Tug of Life) Nominal Clauses as Direct Objects All sentences, then, are clauses, but not all clauses are sentences. In the following sentences, for example, the direct object slot contains a clause rather than a noun phrase. These are examples of nominal clauses (sometimes called noun clauses):​I know that the students studied their assignment.I wonder what is making Tracy so unhappy.These nominal clauses are examples of dependent clauses- in contrast to independent clauses, those clauses that function as complete sentences.(Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed., Allyn and Bacon, 1998)A Colorado study found that the average homeless person cost the state forty-three thousand dollars a year, while housing that person would cost just seventeen thousand dollars. (James Surowiecki, Home Free? The New Yorker, September 22, 2014) Noun-Clause Starters We use various words to start noun clauses. . . .These words include the word that, which in its role as a noun clause starter is not a relative pronoun, for it serves no grammatical role in the clause; it just starts the clause. For example: The committee stated that it would follow the agents policy. Here the noun clause serves the noun role of direct object of the transitive verb stated. But a careful look at the clause reveals that the word that does not serve any role within the clause, other than simply to get it going.Other noun clause starters do serve grammatical roles within the clause. For example: We know who caused all the trouble. Here the noun clause starter is the relative pronoun who. Notice that inside the noun clause who serves as the grammatical subject of the verb caused.Additional words serve as noun clause starters. A relative adverb can get one going: How he won the election mystified the pundits. So can a relative pronoun acting as an adjective: We know which career she will pursue. In these two sentences, how is an adverb modifying the verb won, and which is a relative-pronoun-adjective modifying the noun career.(C. Edward Good, A Grammar Book for You and IOops, Me!  Capital Books, 2002) I have run,I have crawled,I have scaled these city walls,These city wallsOnly to be with you,Only to be with you.But I still havent found what Im looking for.(written and performed by U2, I Still Havent Found What Im Looking For. The Joshua Tree, 1987)

Interview with Rushang Shah, Founder of Gramlee

Interview with Rushang Shah, Founder of Gramlee Interview with Rushang Shah, Founder of Gramlee Interview with Rushang Shah, Founder of Gramlee By Daniel Scocco If you have not noticed yet, Gramlee is one of the newest sponsors of Daily Writing Tips. When they contacted me a while ago I was glad to accept them aboard, mainly because I think that they provide a useful service for both individuals and companies that want to make sure their text pieces are grammatically sound and clearly written. A while ago I was exchanging some emails with Rushang, the founder of the service, and we thought about running an interview to explain what they do, and to talk about general writing tips. He agreed to, and below you will find it. 1. What is Gramlee, and why should people use it? Gramlee is a web-based editing and grammar check service that everyone can use. It’s like having a personal copy editor who can magically make your writing technically accurate and professional. Anyone with an Internet connection can tap into the expertise offered by professional editors. Our editors revise documents to better match the specific prose, style, and flow that the writer is trying to portray. We check for grammar, spelling, punctuation, structure, brevity, and overall readability and professionalism. 2. Can you give us examples of who uses Gramlee and how they’ve benefited from the service? Bloggers are avid Gramlee users.   Many people have amazing ideas that they want spread through their blogs, but they fear that their writing skills aren’t professional enough to show to the world.   Small business owners also rely on Gramlee. They use it to edit everything from marketing, sales, and business documents to internal emails and memos. Job hunters who want to get an edge over other applicants use Gramlee to guarantee their cover letters and resumes are grammatically sound and professional. Having a professional and accurate resume is critical in today’s economic environment where each job can have an overwhelming number of applicants. We also have many users from non-English-speaking countries. They depend on Gramlee to make their writing professional so their businesses can compete. These are just a few of the people who use Gramlee. Short stories, business plans, manuscripts, presentations – we edit them all. Our motto is: if it’s written, we can edit it. 3. Can you share some of the interesting (or funny) Gramlee pieces you’ve received from customers? What types of things do you typically see? Since people use Gramlee for both personal and business writing, we get pieces that span the entire spectrum from serious to outright hilarious. In fact, we just launched a Twitter feed about some of the more interesting topics we get: twitter.com/gramlee One of the most inspiring Gramlees I’ve read was a letter written by a girl to her boyfriend. She was breaking up their relationship because she felt her boyfriend didn’t understand or value the meaning of love. In her letter, she explained what love meant to her and the value it carries in the scheme of life. The letter was so heartfelt and honest that we asked the customer if we could share it with fellow editors as inspiration. Recently, we received a Gramlee where a student was writing a college application letter for medical school. The student was raised in a rural area in a foreign country. He explained how his family found an abandoned baby in a wooden box floating in the river. His family adopted the baby. The student explained how this experience marked the beginning of his passion of attending to the needs of others. 4. Can you give our readers a Top 5 list of the most common grammatical and writing errors that you’ve seen? 1. Punctuation is one of the most misunderstood elements of writing. You’d be surprised how many people are completely in the dark about when to use commas and where to place them. 2. Apostrophes. (It’s vs. its; they’re vs. their vs. there) 3. i.e. in place of e.g. (The abbreviation â€Å"i.e.† officially means â€Å"that is.† The abbreviation â€Å"e.g.† means â€Å"for example.†) 4. Of in place of have. (â€Å"Could of† should be written as â€Å"could have†) 5. Tense confusion. People inadvertently switch from present tense to past tense throughout their writing. Keeping things consistent seems to be a challenge for many. 5. Why do computers fail miserably at proofreading and copy editing? Computers lack the â€Å"human element.† The human element to the editing process involves understanding who the audience is, what tone or purpose the writing serves, and how to best frame and structure the writing. A software-based editing solution just can’t provide this. For example: 1. He come form the kitchen. 2. He came from the kitchen. Try typing Sentence 1 into Microsoft Word and run the spell / grammar check. It fails to find the mistakes. A real editor, however, will instantly catch this error. Now, let’s say you’re writing a horror story. Let’s take the same example and see how a real editor would edit your writing. Original: He came from the kitchen. Revised: He entered quietly through the kitchen. The revised sentence establishes a more descriptive visual for the audience based on the context of the document – in this case, a fictional horror story. 6. How has the conversational style of writing that takes place in social media environments like Twitter and Facebook impacted the overall quality of writing? People rely more on abbreviations and shorthand instead of professional prose. This isn’t really anyone’s fault; today’s digital medium is built around quick and seamless exchange. My only concern is that people are becoming illiterate in the art of writing. Acronyms and emoticons can never replace the impact a well crafted message leaves. 7. What’s the single most important writing tip that you can give people? Two tips: proofread using drafts, and space out the time between your drafts. Never produce just one draft that you submit as a final version. Even the best writers make mistakes. This is because our minds are not really wired to multi-task. We can only accurately do one thing at a time. The first draft of any piece of writing involves getting thoughts and ideas on paper, not ensuring that grammar rules are followed or the writing is completely professional. Make sure to take a break between each draft you work on. The time away from the document will help your mind â€Å"purge and reset.† Once you have a clear mind, you’ll be able to approach your content with an entirely new perspective. You will also find mistakes that you previously overlooked, or come up with better ways to write something. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names15 Types of DocumentsHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?