Sleeping Disorder

Sleep disorders/disturbances can cause your sleep to be disturbed. Disturbed sleep includes the inability to fall asleep, the inability to go back to sleep, and frequent waking up during the night. Sleep disorders can make you feel tired, fatigued, and irritable, making it difficult for you to concentrate during the day. Sleep is a behavioral state that is a natural part of every individual’s life. We spend about one-third of our lives asleep. Nonetheless, people generally know little about the importance of this essential activity. Sleep is not just something to fill time when a person is inactive.Sleep is a required activity, not an option. Even though the precise functions of sleep remain a mystery, sleep is important for normal motor and cognitive function. We all recognize and feel the need to sleep. After sleeping, we recognize changes that have occurred, as we feel rested and more alert. Sleep actually appears to be required for survival. Rats deprived of sleep will die within two to three weeks, a time frame similar to death due to starvation. Most people have experienced sleep disturbances at some point in their lives.Anyone at any age can develop a sleep disorder/disturbance. Depending on the cause and the treatment, sleep disturbances can be short-term or long-term. According to HelpGuide. org â€Å"Sleeping disorder are problem with sleeping including trouble falling or staying asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviours during sleep. There are more than 100 different sleeping and waking disorder. They can be grouped into four main categories. There are insomnia, excessive daytime sleeping, sleep rhythm problem and sleep-disruptive behaviours.Sleep can often be a barometer of our overall health. In many causes, people in good health distution to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, be it minor or serious. Sleeping well is essential to our physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to handle stress. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance and relationship stress.If you want to feel your best, stay healthy, and perform up to our potential, sleep is a necessity, not a luxury. † Sleep problems can be caused by various factors. Although causes may differ, the end result of all sleep disorders is that the body’s natural cycle of slumber and daytime wakefulness is disrupted or exaggerated. Factors that can cause sleep problems are; physical, medical, psychiatric, or environmental. Lack of sleep can cause accidents, serious health problems like heart disease , high blood pressure and including bad performance among students.Sleep disorders also can cause depression, hypertension and gain weight among students. Usually, students facing sleeping disor der when they are stress and tension due to the extra assignment that they have to finish within a short period. This will give them more pressure and may causes them to do something that will affect their own health. Another meaning of sleeping disorder is when someone did not have enough time to sleep, overslept, or they slept in wrong time . People that facing sleeping disorder is primary and secondary school students, college students, university student and employee.This is because they did not manage their time properly and continuously especially for their studies, outing, gathering, or with their family. The effect of sleeping disorder is this will make them feel tired and loses of energy during the next day especially during classes and lecture. Hence, they cannot give their focus for 100% and cannot understand and catch up the lesson what the teachers had teaches. In addition to the primary sleep disorders, there are three categories of sleep disorders that are caused by o r related to substance use or other physical or mental disorders.Sleep disorders related to mental disorders. Many mental disorders, especially depression or one of the anxiety disorders, can cause sleep disturbances. Psychiatric disorders are the most common cause of chronic insomnia. Sleep disorders due to medical conditions. Some patients with chronic neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease may develop sleep disorders. Sleep disorders have also been associated with viral encephalitis, brain disease, and hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Substance-induced sleep disorder.The use of drugs, alcohol, and caffein frequently produces disturbances in sleep patterns. Alcohol abuse is associated with insomnia. The person may initially feel sleepy after drinking, but wakes up or sleeps fitfully during the second half of the night. Alcohol can also increase the severity of breathing-related sleep disorders. With amphetamines or cocaine, the patient typically suffers from insomnia during drug use and hypersomnia during drug withdrawal. Opioids usually make short-term users sleepy. However, long-term users develop tolerance and may suffer from insomnia.In addition to alcohol and drugs that are abused, a variety of prescription medications can affect sleep patterns. These medications include antihistamines, corticosteroids, asthma medicines, and drugs that affect the central nervous system. As a matriculation student, we would like to know either this habits infectious KMNS students or not. So, we need to do research to find out the causes and effect of sleeping disorder towards KMNS student as they are having the most difficult time to study and stay here.

Be An Anthropologist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Be An Anthropologist - Essay Example This may have resulted from the existence of independent sub-fields within the subject. This paper will, therefore, investigate anthropology from a physical anthropologist perspective. The paper will also examine evolution based on cultural anthropology. The discussion within this paper seeks to establish the relationship between the two different points of view and its implications towards the subject. Physical anthropology is both a social science as well as a biological science. Physical anthropology deals with adaptations and variations in the human species as implied by biological principles and theories. The social aspect of physical anthropology seeks to establish the implications of human variations and adaptations on human behavior and culture. Human evolution stands out as a major subject within physical anthropology since it determines human developments and relations. Physical anthropologists consider evolution as accumulation of changes within consecutive generations. Th is implies that evolution results from the heritage of inheritable factors from successive generations. Although there are several inheritable characteristics within the human species, not all potential characteristics contribute to evolution. The desirable character within a population dominates the undesirable characteristics within a successive generation in a given population. ... Physical anthropologists analyze DNA to study human evolution, and this indicates the importance of biology in the subject. DNA is a substance contained in all living cells of an organism. Biologists claim that this substance contains or carries hereditary materials (gene) from parents to their offspring. Studying the DNA enables anthropologists to define the relationship between people. DNA analysis enables physical anthropologists to study successive changes within humanity that constitute evolution. The analysis, therefore, enables a physical anthropologist to validate the existence of evolution. Differences within humanity resulting from geographical disparities can also be explained through DNA analysis. DNA analysis is important to a physical anthropologist; however, it does not sufficiently explain the origin and evolution of the human race. Physical anthropologists also consider cultural analysis to be an important aspect of the discipline. To study evolution, physical anthro pologists study the relationships between culture and biological characteristics of humanity and rely on knowledge and theories developed by other academic discipline. Biological theories and principles on DNA enable physical anthropologists to study human evolution and evolutionary differences. Studying different languages among different communities also contributes to evolution knowledge among physical anthropologists. The book Man, Mind and Science by Leaf is a very useful resource in anthropology. The resource contains relevant information on physical anthropology. According to the resource, evolution is a continuous process that depends on various aspect of humanity. The source proves that evolution theories can only be validated through a

Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Employment law - Essay Example The emphasis is on the common law tests used to determine employee status. This is a particularly contentious area in the modern labour markets where the lines between the employed and self-employed are increasingly â€Å"blurred†.3 This paper demonstrates that the common law tests developed to determine the employee status is unsatisfactory and why. I. Significance of Determining Employee Status Initially, the courts treated the employee status as one defined around the concept of master and servant. As a result, during the 19th century, the employment relationship was primarily regarded as one of service in which the emphasis was on the servant’s (employee’s) duty to remain loyal and subservient rather than the master’s (employer’s) duty to â€Å"provide continuing employment.†4 In more recent times the word â€Å"worker† continues to gain currency in legislation and regulations suggesting the modernisation of employee status.5 For i nstance, Section 230(3) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 provides that: In this Act ‘worker’ (except in the phrases ‘shop worker’ and ‘betting worker’) means an individual who has entered into or works (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) – (a) A contract of employment, or (b) Any other contract, whether express or implied and (if it is express) whether oral or in writing, whereby the individual undertakes to do or perform personally any work or services for another party to the contract whose status is not by virtue of the contract that or a client or customer of any profession or business undertaking carried on by the individual.6 In other words, the term worker is used interchangeably with the word employee, reflecting the varying forms of employment that can take place in modern times. For instance the individual who works from home may not be under the kind of control that the workplace employee is, but should not be denied employee status.7 The use of the word worker immediately draws attention to the changing nature of the employee status and carries with it the identification of the significance of the employee in today’s labour market. The employee is no longer a servant, but a source of human capital. In this regard, the common law tests for determining the master servant relationship which necessarily flow from the older notion of master and servant, is no longer compatible with modern notions of the employee/employer relationship. There are essentially four primary reasons justifying a more robust test for determining employee status in more recent times. To begin with, the predominance of the contract of employment as a basis for identifying the employee’s status does not take into account the relative inequality of bargaining power between the employee (the weaker party) and the employer.8 These inequities compromise the extent to which the employee may bargain for and ob tain specific benefits under the contract of employment. The fact is, a self-employed worker will obviously be responsible for its own salary and health and safety at work.9 Secondly, the

Taxation Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation Bachelor - Essay Example But is it enough The changes made in the CPA avoided religious controversy over same-sex marriage by not exploring the subject. Even so, the tax changes have greatly benefitted those in a civil union by giving the rights to same-sex couples that previously applied only to married couples, even though they cannot have a religious ceremony. They are instead required to register for civil partnership just as marriage partners require a licence (Rights 2006; Summerskill 2005). What is the impact of the Civil Partnership Act for same-sex partners in the area of taxation and would permission to marry give them benefits they don't yet have Also, since the Act has only recently gone into effect, what weaknesses might surface as people begin to utilise the changes There is some controversy over the fact that same-sex couples can register for a civil partnership status whilst heterosexual partners living together cannot. However, heterosexual partners have the option to marry, an option not available to same-sex partners. If same-sex partners do not choose to register their relationship, they, like the unmarried mixed-sex couples, will be considered cohabitants and will not be eligible for the tax changes (Rozenberg 2005; Webber 2005). The previous list of changes makes it clear that those engaged in civil partnerships had few legal rights prior to the CPA. ... Benefits that are income-related will be considered in regards to joint treatment Tax, including inheritance tax Benefits from state pensions will also become a joint treatment The duty of providing maintenance to your partner and any children of either party Each party of the union will become a parental figure and thus become responsible for any children either person may have Inheritance in regards to an agreement of tenancy Domestic violence protection Access to compensation of fatal accidents Succeed to rights of tenancy The registration of civil partnership will have merit for the purposes of immigration Hospital visiting rights as next of kin Like traditional marriage, those that are involved in a civil partnership are exempt from being required to testify in court against one another Each partner has the responsibility to be assessed for child support, in the same manner as that of civil marriages Treatment comparable to that of a civil marriage in regards to life assurance Benefits that arise from Pension and Employment Welcome to CivilPartnershipInfo, Sec. 3, 2005 Areas of Discrimination before Civil Partnership Act 2004 The previous list of changes makes it clear that those engaged in civil partnerships had few legal rights prior to the CPA. In analysing the areas of change and looking back at some specific cases, it becomes evident that same-sex partners have been discriminated against over the years. The fact that it has taken so long to acknowledge and accept their relationship is an ethical concern that cannot be ignored. Will legality offset discrimination One of the areas in which tax discrimination was evident in the past was in inheritance rights. When a civil partner died after one couple had lived together for 45

Strategic Management of Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Strategic Management of Human Resources - Essay Example 1. The strengths based approach encourages people "to focus on aspects of work organization that lead to success rather than trying to correct failures" (case study). In this sense its approach to managing workforce is different from the SHRM approach. The SHRM approach focuses on types of people and skills needed, while the strengths based approach applies a wider perspective. It draws not on skills or things that people are good at, but on strengths which are defined as "pre -existing capacities for a particular way of behaving, thinking or feeling that is authentic and energising to the user and enables optimal functioning, development and performance". 2. SHRM is concerned with the contributions human resource strategies make to organizational effectiveness, and the ways in which these contributions are achieved (see Boxall & Purcell, 2000 and Delery & Shaw, 2001). The strengths based approach interpreted with regard to the SHRM model, is also a human resource strategy to increase organizational effectiveness. ... In this sense the strengths based approach can be seen as HPHRS since the focus is not on achieving a set organizational goal or being concerned with work systems or context, the idea is to change the organizational culture so that overall business performance improves (case study). However achievement of certain goals may still be targeted as seen in the case study where the board is allotted projects according to their strengths. As working on these projects is more energizing for the people since they are better matched to the types of tasks, better organization performance can be hoped for. It is about "focusing on aspects of work that lead to success". 3. The strengths based approach fits with what the SHRM scholars have suggested, for example, they suggest that certain employee behaviors and certain human resource strategies produce certain employee behaviors, and that the task of the human resource strategist is to uncover and test these linkages (Cappelli & Singh, 1992; Schuler & Jackson, 1987). Strengths based approach, does not identify behaviour but is a human resource strategy that matches strengths of people to certain tasks. Thus the SHRM strategist is needed to make these links between people and roles based on strengths assessment in a strengths based organization. 4. Interpretation of the strengths based approach according to the 5 Ps model of SHRM (Schuler & Jackson, 1987) is given below: 1. Philosophy- How the organization values and treats its employees. Essentially the culture of the organization. In the case study, BAE values its leadership team despite their apparent inability to solve certain tricky projects. Instead of classifying them as lacking in certain way, the organization shows respect for its people and changes

Pick a country other than india and write a paper on business ethics Research

Pick a country other than india and write a on business ethics - Research Paper Example This paper analyses some of the ethical principles that business operators in PRC have to adhere to and the challenges posed by these requirements. Natural right and social construct Property rights give people legal ownership of property and hence decide on how and with whom to share such properties. This therefore would leave all wealth with the rich as the poor forever remain in poverty. But Nair (2012) argues that owners hold a legal obligation to other people in the community and that this principle propagates that. Therefore, to operate ethically, there is need to give back to the society. Unlike the Western countries’ promotion of individualism culture, PRC propagates Confucianism with focus on organization of the society to propagate collective welfare and stability. This appreciates the interdependence in humans and their welfare which determine the resultant quality of the society. Wang (2006) gives an example of the Chinese authorities’ requirement for more e ndowed businesses to be taxed more than the ones who are not, for the benefit of the whole community. Production This type of business ethics dictates that firms have the duty of ensuring that their processes do not cause harm needlessly. This covers even the products that get released to the market. But most organizations would hold the fact that the products they produce do not have any risk to the consumers. It would be however important to consider other related factors such as the environment. Firms have a legal obligation to ensure that their processes and products do not harm the environment. Therefore, they would be responsible for the environment for the entire product cycle. Wang (2006) gives an example of eco-economics ethics that combines both ecological and economic ethics in business. In China, there is emphasis on human harmoniously living with nature (Chan, 2001). The Taoist philosophies require that man finds ways to adapt to the environment and integrate with it in order to achieve unity between nature and man. The government has crafted various regulations to conserve the environment but lack of emphasis on implementation has led to continued pollution as witnessed in its capital, Beijing. International issues China being an international player in trade has players from all over the world. Therefore, business entities operating in the region face the challenge of adapting to regulations that are in line with the international communication behavior due to some localized regulations in the country, China known for its richness in culture. The confines of Guanxi for instance dictate that â€Å"if someone does a favor for you, there will be an expectation that you, at some point in the future will return the favor† (Clair & Norris, 2011, p.4). From the international perspective, this could be viewed as corruption and therefore unethical. But in China, this would simply be taken as a promise for a future accomplishment, which if met woul d be considered as ethical. This relationship-focus nicety is what differentiates Guanxi from corruption which international corporations should be aware of so as to avoid falling into problems with the Foreign

Press Releases & Networking - Pitching the Story Pitching the Story Essay

Press Releases & Networking - Pitching the Story Pitching the Story - Essay Example Lastly, conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of design and appeal of pitch letter and the impact it was able to make on public image of the company. Introduction Every business acknowledges the fact that marketing, building public relations and gaining spotlight on media is pivotal for success of its operations. For this purpose, management of all incorporations are engaged in the practice of pitching stories to journalists and media persons, seeking to be heard and talked about on media without spending of excessive costs. In a research, practitioners were found to be involved in writing seven pitch letters per month on an average (Napoli et al. 370). This practice is traditional, being followed since decades and shall always play an essential role for marketing of businesses (Rubel, n. p.). However, the only thing that has changed is the mode of communication and types of media broadcasting them. It began from paper media, turned to electronic and digital media and is currently resting on the internet resources: conventional media has lost its dominance (Waters et al. 242). Considering these factors, a pitch letter has been drafted and its planning and follow-up procedures have been discussed in the subsequent sections. Part 1: Pre-Pitch The company represents a restaurant, part of a large food chain, that serves its local customers with various cuisines for lunch and dinner meals while regular breakfast and fast food items for catering younger tastes. The customers targeted mainly are those living in nearby vicinity. Mostly, the customers it aims at range between age groups of 18 to 50 years. Fast food items are available to entertain younger customers who frequently hang out with their friends while unique cuisines are offered for enthusiasts and food lovers of mature ages. Other customers include one-off walk-in families or gatherings on weekend dine off meals. Rarely, this outlet might be able to cater tourists and foreigners by offering uniq ue traditional meals that might interest them. Media outlets vary in forms and need to be selected very carefully as each generate a different impact on audience. In today’s technology savvy era, internet media, online bloggers and social media networks have sabotaged the significance of paper media. The remaining market share is captured by digital media, including TV and radio. As a result, selecting paper press media as connector seems highly ineffective as only a minute proportion of audience relies on it. On the other hand, targeting digital media might be most difficult as it needs high quality relationships, expenditures and networking to be able to fall under its radar. Since target customers include significant proportion of teenagers and younger generations, it shall be essential to be heard on platforms where they focus their most of the attention: social networking portals and online blogs. Researchers have acknowledged the vitality of converting businesses into a form acceptable by social media (Anderson and Swenson n. p.). Moreover, many journalists are reported to have grabbed thousands of stories from social